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The e-invoice in Europe
Germany is in the middle of a major reform. Since January 2025, all companies must be able to receive e-invoices and, during a multi-year transition period, issue requirements are also being introduced. The e-invoice is strictly defined - PDF is only accepted with the recipient's consent - and the established formats XRechnung, ZUGFeRD and Peppol BIS Billing dominate.
Digital developments are moving fast and are being accelerated by the ViDA reform, which will make e-invoicing mandatory for all cross-border transactions within the EU from July 2030.
This guide presents the domestic situation regarding e-invoicing in each country.
Since 2020, federal states, municipalities and authorities must be able to receive invoices in a structured electronic format that complies with the EN16931 standard. Later that year, it also became mandatory for suppliers to federal authorities to send invoices in a structured format. This has mainly been the case with XRechnung.
Since January 1, 2025, German businesses are obliged to be able to receive structured e-invoices for domestic B2B transactions. As of 2027, the requirements will be extended to include mandatory e-invoicing for outbound transactions for companies with a turnover above €800,000. One year later, in 2028, e-invoicing will become mandatory for all companies regardless of turnover. At the same time, paper and PDF invoices will be phased out for good and will no longer be allowed.
XRechnung, ZUGFeRD and Peppol BIS Billing are standard formats, but other formats are allowed if agreed and comply with EN16931 standards.
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